| 马草原,倪修凤.建设用地指标跨区域交易的要素配置效应——基于量化空间一般均衡模型的分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2026,(4):237-264 |
| 建设用地指标跨区域交易的要素配置效应——基于量化空间一般均衡模型的分析 |
| Factor Allocation Effect of Cross-regional Transaction of Construction Land Quotas: An Analysis Based on Quantitative Spatial General Equilibrium Model |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 人地协调 土地配置扭曲 建设用地指标交易 量化空间一般均衡模型 |
| 英文关键词: Human-land Coordination Land Allocation Distortion Construction Land Quota Transaction Quantitative Spatial General Equilibrium Model |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 改革开放以来，中国人地分离现象日益凸显，形成“人动地不动”的要素配置困境。本文将建设用地划分为生产性用地与居住性用地，基于量化空间一般均衡模型核算地级市层级的土地要素配置扭曲系数，据此识别建设用地指标转让地与受让地以模拟土地要素配置过程，并借助反事实分析方法量化评估建设用地指标跨区域交易的要素配置效应。研究发现，在全国层面上，生产性用地与居住性用地均存在配置失衡且呈现显著的区域异质性，不同的是，居住性用地的供需矛盾依然突出，而生产性用地的要素错配程度则表现出边际改善趋势。建设用地指标跨省交易机制在效率提升与区域均衡双重维度上均优于省内交易，且居住性用地跨区域交易的要素配置效应（在两类交易模式中均）显著优于生产性用地。在效率与公平统筹视角下，尽管建设用地指标空间再配置难以实现效率最大化与区域差距最小化的全局最优解，但仍然存在帕累托改进空间。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Due to China’s economic transformation and upgrading and the deepening of new urbanization， land， as a core carrier of spatial resource allocation， plays a pivotal role. Its allocative efficiency is not only crucial for balanced regional economic development but also directly influences the enhancement of total factor productivity.However， the spatial misallocation of construction land is evident not only among the four major regions but also across different provinces within the same region and among prefecture-level cities within individual provinces. This spatial disconnection between land supply and demand inevitably hinders coordinated regional development during industrial upgrading， population agglomeration， and land-use structure transformation. Thus， it may trigger issues such as housing price bubbles and industrial hollowing-out， posing significant challenges to long-term regional competitiveness. Therefore， scientifically identifying and effectively mitigating the structural contradiction of “human-land mismatch”， improving the spatial allocation efficiency of land resources， and thus promoting both economic efficiency and regional coordinated development are critical issues of shared concern for both policy formulation and theoretical research.This study divides construction land into productive and residential. Based on a quantitative spatial general equilibrium model （GEM）， it calculates the distortion coefficients of land factor allocation. Using these coefficients， the study identifies potential transferors and recipients of construction land quotas to simulate the land reallocation process. Through counterfactual analysis， it quantitatively assesses the factor allocation effects of cross-regional construction land quota transactions from a human-land coordination perspective. The findings reveal three key insights： First， at the national level， both productive and residential land suffer from allocative imbalances with significant regional heterogeneity. A notable difference is that the supply-demand mismatch for residential land has been continuously intensifying， whereas the misallocation of productive land depicts a marginal improvement trend. Second， comparing different transaction modes， the inter-provincial quota trading mechanism outperforms intra-provincial trading in both efficiency enhancement and regional balancing dimensions.Comparing different land types， the factor allocation effect of cross-regional transactions for residential land is significantly superior to that for productive land across both trading modes. Third， from a dual perspective of efficiency and equity， although the spatial reallocation of construction land quotas cannot achieve a global optimum that simultaneously maximizes efficiency and minimizes regional disparities， there is still scope for Pareto improvement.Compared to existing research， the innovative value of this study is mainly reflected in the following three aspects： First， regarding research paradigm， departing from the traditional approach that exogenously sets factor allocation distortion coefficients， this study does not predefine land factor misallocation parameters. Instead， it endogenizes land allocation distortion by grounding it in the micro-level supply-demand interaction between land and labor， specifically measured as the deviation of the actual land-to-labor allocation ratio from the optimal ratio. This paradigm， being more aligned with reality，helps to more accurately reveal the formation mechanism of land misallocation from a human-land coordination perspective. Second， regarding research methodology， moving beyond the limitations of reduced-form identification strategies， such as difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity design， this study constructs a quantitative spatial GEM within a comprehensive analytical framework. The model distinguishes between productive and residential land and incorporates multidimensional structures， including an endogenous productivity mechanism， heterogeneous consumer preferences， land-use heterogeneity， factor allocation distortions， and cross-regional construction land quota transactions. This integrated modeling approach enables a more systematic and quantitative assessment of the factor allocation effects of cross-regional land quota transactions from a human-land coordination perspective. Third， regarding policy implications， based on the evaluation results from the quantitative spatial GEM， this study provides a theoretical foundation and policy references for the top-level design and detailed optimization of a nationwide， unified cross-regional construction land quota trading mechanism.Furthermore， it opens up new research avenues for deepening land factor marketization reforms and promoting regional synergistic development. By supplying crucial empirical evidence， the study has strong policy relevance and practical significance. |
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