| 诸竹君,伍仪婷,房超.数字贸易开放与中国劳动力市场困境破解——基于要素市场势力与资源配置的双重视角[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2026,(3):104-128 | | 数字贸易开放与中国劳动力市场困境破解——基于要素市场势力与资源配置的双重视角 | | Digital Trade Openness and Resolution of Labor Market Challenges in China: A Dual Perspective on Factor Market Power and Resource Allocation | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 数字贸易开放 制度创新 跨境电商 工资减价 要素资源配置效率 | | 英文关键词: Digital Trade Openness Institutional Innovation Cross-border E-commerce Markdown Resource Allocation Efficiency | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 中国劳动力市场存在“企业要素市场势力高、资源配置效率低”的双重困境，数字贸易开放为摆脱这一困境提供了优化路径。本文将技术偏向与要素升级纳入多区域一般均衡模型，揭示数字贸易开放影响企业要素市场势力的作用机制。基于2016~2020年企业税收调查和招聘数据，本文研究发现，跨境电商综合试验区政策显著减弱了企业劳动要素市场势力，并且主要通过工资占比效应、劳动偏向型技术进步效应和劳动力数量调整效应三条路径发挥作用。进一步分析发现，各城市制度创新程度具有正向调节作用，并且基于“六体系”分类制度的调节效应存在异质性，信息共享、智能物流等正向作用更为突出。同时，政策冲击通过行业间和企业间资源再配置效应，提升了劳动要素资源配置效率。本文研究对深化高水平数字贸易开放，以高质量发展实施就业优先战略具有一定参考价值。 | | 英文摘要: | | Under open economic conditions, China’s labor market suffers from a “dual dilemma” of “high markdown and low labor resource allocation efficiency,” conflicting with the strategic goal of achieving high quality and full employment. Thus, the rapid development of digital trade openness is represented by the establishment of the Cross-border E-commerce Comprehensive Pilot Zone (henceforth the Zone), which is a critical pathway to solve this “Dual Dilemma”. This study incorporates technological bias and factor upgrading into the multi-region general equilibrium model to reveal the mechanism through which digital trade openness affects the firm-level wage markdown. It reveals three channels, such as wage effect, labor-biased technological progress, and adjustment of the labor force size.Our study utilizes the 2016~2020 National Taxation Survey Database and Recruitment Dataset to analyze the impact of the policy of the Zone on markdown and markdown dispersion. The findings reveal that (1) Overall, the policy has significantly reduced firms’ labor market power. (2) Mechanistically, the policy of the Zone generates labor market effects by increasing the wage proportion, promoting labor-biased technological progress, facilitating the adjustment of the labor force size. (3) Regarding the moderating effect, the policy has a more favorable impact on nondigital industries. Both the “skill-industry mismatch” and the segmentation of the factor market have negative moderating effects, while cross-border e-commerce platforms have a positive moderating effect. The degree of institutional innovation in each city has a positive moderating effect, and the moderating effect based on the “six systems” classification system (information sharing, financial services, intelligent logistics, e-commerce credit, statistical monitoring, and risk prevention) is heterogeneous. Notably, advancements in information sharing and intelligent logistics demonstrate the most prominent moderating impacts. The positive moderating effect of institutional innovation based on local comparative advantages has a stronger coupling coordination, revealing that the average coupling coordination degree decreases the wage reduction in the moderately coordinated group by 3.27%. (4) Further research reveals that the policy shock, through the effect of resource reallocation among industries and firms, has reduced the markdown dispersion at the regional and industry levels and improved the allocation efficiency of labor resources. This study has reference value for solving the labor market predicament under the open digital trade environment and implementing the employment priority strategy based on high-quality development.The contributions of this study are as follows. (1) Within the framework of a multi-regional general equilibrium model, this study expands the literature by incorporating the skill structure of labor factors and biased technological progress and constructs a theoretical model to explain the market power of labor factors in enterprises under the openness of digital trade. (2) This study uses the advanced structural model method to more effectively identify firm-level wage markdown. Based on the “China Occupational Classification Dictionary (2022 Edition)” and according to the work definition and the degree of influence of digital technology on tasks, it distinguishes labor forces into research and design analysis, management service operation, and production creation and maintenance categories, providing an empirical method for identifying high- and low-skilled labor forces. (3) This study conducts a policy text analysis of the policy implementation plan of cross-border e-commerce pilot zones using the structured clauses corresponding to the advanced chapters of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-pacific Partnership as the frontiers and obtains the overall depth index of institutional innovation. (4) Regarding the proposed enabling optimization policy system, it implements the policy requirement in the “15th Five-Year Plan” proposal of “increasing the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution,” and this study proposes an optimization policy to solve the dilemma in the labor market. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
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