| 武威,王敏,吉富星.政府采购意向公开与中小企业公平竞争——基于全国统一大市场的视角[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2026,(2):180-205 | | 政府采购意向公开与中小企业公平竞争——基于全国统一大市场的视角 | | Disclosure of Government Procurement Intentions and Fair Competition with Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: From the Perspective of Unified National Market | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 政府采购 意向公开 公平竞争 统一大市场 | | 英文关键词: Government Procurement Open Intention Fair Competition Unified National Market | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 政府采购意向公开是优化政府采购市场营商环境的核心举措，对于维护中小企业的市场公平竞争地位具有重要意义。本文以政府采购意向公开试点政策实施为准自然实验，运用多时点双重差分模型，就政府采购意向公开对中小企业在政府采购市场中公平竞争能力的政策影响进行检验。研究发现，政府采购意向公开可以显著提升中小企业的公平竞争能力。机制分析表明，政府采购意向公开提升中小企业公平竞争能力主要通过缓解政企信息不对称与降低制度性交易成本来实现。针对政府治理因素的影响分析发现，地方政府财政压力越低、营商环境越好、政府采购监督力度越强，则政府采购意向公开提升中小企业公平竞争能力的政策效果越突出。更进一步对市场竞争结构特征的影响分析发现，政府采购意向公开有效提升了中小企业参与竞争的开放性，且给异地及民营中小企业公平竞争均带来显著支持效果。应以维护中小企业公平竞争地位为核心，持续优化政府采购市场营商环境，深入推进政府采购统一大市场建设。 | | 英文摘要: | | The disclosure of government procurement intentions (GPIs) is a core measure to optimize the business environment of the government procurement market, which is crucial to maintaining fair competition among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Taking the implementation of the pilot policy of GPI as a natural experiment, this study analyzes the influence of the disclosure of GPI on the development of SMEs by using the multi-point dual difference model.The study finds that the disclosure of GPIs can significantly enhance the fair competitiveness of SMEs. The mechanism analysis reveals that GPI to improve the fair competition ability of SMEs is mainly realized by alleviating the information asymmetry between the government and enterprises and reducing institutional transaction costs. Regarding the influence of government governance factors on the market, the policy effect of the disclosure of GPIs in enhancing the fair competitiveness of SMEs is more prominent when local governments have lower fiscal pressure, a better business environment, and stronger supervision over government procurement. Further analysis of the influence on the characteristics of market competition structure reveals that the intention to open government procurement effectively improves the openness of SMEs to participate in competition and has significant support effects on the fair competition of SMEs in different places and private enterprises.The contributions of this study are as follows: First, this study contributes to the literature by closely incorporating the emerging policy practice of disclosing GPIs based on a comprehensive summary and extraction of the functional boundaries and practical characteristics of disclosing GPIs, taking the support behavior of government departments for fair competition of SMEs as the research object, providing empirical evidence for the implementation effect of the policy of disclosing GPIs, identifying key restrictive influencing factors, and enriching empirical research on the implementation effect and mechanism of the policy of disclosing GPIs. Second, from the dimension of government department actions, investigating factors that support SMEs not only overcomes the limitation of difficult data collection on SMEs but also more accurately matches the policy targets of GPI disclosure in terms of empirical testing strategies, thereby providing a novel analytical approach for deeply depicting the operational characteristics of government procurement markets at the government department level and comprehensively identifying policy effects, effectively deepening the theoretical understanding of the relationship between proactive government policies and the fair development needs of SMEs, and providing policy insights for further strengthening the effectiveness of government procurement policies to support SMEs. Third, from the perspective of government procurement system reform, this is a novel study to operationalize the disclosure of GPIs at the prefecture city level and the measurement of SME procurement indicators, and it makes full use of the basic research conditions provided by the large sample data of national government procurement order agreements published on the China Government Procurement Network. By effectively matching the manually crawled and organized government procurement order agreement data with the national, provincial, and municipal government department directory data and the national enterprise credit inquiry system (Qichacha) database, it lays a solid empirical foundation for further research on the effectiveness of government procurement policies.This study has the following policy implications: First, we should continue to establish and improve the disclosure system of GPI; focus on the effective support of government departments for fair competition of SMEs; fully clarify the specific requirements of disclosure intention, such as support share of SMEs; optimize the disclosure rules; and improve the efficiency and quality of disclosure.Second, we should strengthen the GPI public policy information management, institutional constraints, and policy support function, including relying on the GPI public policy implementation to break the SMEs fair competition barriers; strengthen the violation of SMEs fair participation in government procurement market competition of institutional constraints; and enhance the support for the development of SMEs. Third, we should strengthen the basic guarantee conditions for the disclosure of government policies to support SMEs, including improving the overall transparency of the government, optimizing the business environment, and strengthening supervision over government procurement. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
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