| 李翀宇,韩超.土地低价扭曲的环境后果：政策偏向的弱激励效应[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2026,(1):188-215 |
| 土地低价扭曲的环境后果：政策偏向的弱激励效应 |
| Pollution Cost of Distorted Land Pricing: The Weak Incentive Effect of Policy Bias |
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| 中文关键词: 工业用地 价格扭曲 污染减排 |
| 英文关键词: Industrial Land Price Distortion Pollution Reduction |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 市场供求关系是要素市场价格形成的基本机制，改革地方政府对价格形成的不当干预是全面深化改革的重要内容。地方政府的不当干预不仅会扭曲价格机制，也会产生增加工业企业污染排放和社会环境负担的环境后果。本文基于协议出让的工业用地，利用企业购地时间差异构建多时点双重差分模型，并在此基础上交互土地低价扭曲程度，深入探究了土地低价扭曲对微观企业污染排放的影响及作用机制。研究发现，低价扭曲显著提升了企业购地后的二氧化硫排放量。机制检验表明，低价土地虽降低了要素成本、缓解了企业生存压力，却引发了弱激励效应。企业依靠要素红利获取的竞争优势，抑制了其创新活力，阻碍了减排技术的进步，并强化了对传统能源的依赖。进一步研究发现，获得更大优惠幅度的企业带来了更多的就业和税收。研究表明，低价扭曲促进企业增加了5.4%的就业和4.9%的税收，但带来了20.9%的二氧化硫排放增长。本文为揭示不当政府干预价格形成的经济影响提供了经验证据，为完善价格形成机制提供了理论支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Market supply and demand relationship is the basic mechanism for the formation of factor market prices, and reforming the improper intervention of local governments in price formation is a crucial aspect of the comprehensive deepening reform required by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Inappropriate intervention by local governments not only distorts the pricing mechanism but also has a negative impact on increasing industrial pollution emissions and social environmental burden. This study is based on the agreement transfer of industrial land and constructs a staggered Difference-in-Differences(DID) model using the time difference of enterprise land purchase. Based on this, the degree of distortion of land low prices is interacted, and the role of land low price distortion in enterprise emission behavior is tested.This study found that the distortion of low land prices significantly increased the sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions of enterprises. Further exploration of this phenomenon revealed that the distortion of low land prices reduces the input costs of production factors, improves the profitability of enterprises, and alleviates their survival pressure but suppresses their innovation vitality and lowers their technological level, especially in the areas of pollution control and emission reduction, promoting the use of traditional energy. Thus, the distortion of low-priced land has brought about a “weak incentive” effect caused by policy bias. In addition, this study excludes the possibility that the SO2 emissions of land purchasing enterprises may come from regulatory bias, expansion of output scale, or relocation. Based on the efforts of local governments in employment and taxation, this study finds that land purchasing enterprises have increased their bargaining power by temporarily increasing the tax payment amount before purchasing land, thereby obtaining industrial land at more distorted prices. A rough cost-benefit analysis reveals that the distortion of low-priced land has led to a 5.4% increase in employment and 4.9% in tax revenue for enterprises but has resulted in a 20.9% increase in SO2 emissions.Based on the findings of this study, the policy implications are as follows: (1) Establish a market-oriented pricing mechanism for production factors to prevent improper intervention by local governments in price formation. To prevent improper intervention by local governments in price formation, the transparency of factor price formation should be increased; the market-oriented pricing mechanism for land should be improved; the boundaries of government behavior in the factor market should be clarified; a fully transparent land trading platform should be established; and the decision-making power of land allocation should gradually be returned from the government to the market. (2) Adjust the bottom line of factor prices timely according to the level of economic development to avoid weak incentive effects caused by low factor prices. The flexibility of setting the bottom line of prices should be increased, and the role of the price bottom line system should be fully utilized to avoid weak incentive effects caused by low factor prices. In addition, the recognition of land grades should be adjusted timely according to changes in regional economic development levels, ensuring that land grades can effectively reflect the actual value of land parcels and form an organic coordination with the bottom line system of land factor prices. |
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