| 姚星,蔡重阳,秦志龙.对接国际高标准如何助推国内企业效率变革？[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2025,(11):90-109 | | 对接国际高标准如何助推国内企业效率变革？ | | How Does Aligning with Advanced International Standards Foster Efficiency Transformation in Chinese Enterprises? | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 标准制度型开放 全要素生产率 内外贸一体化 组织管理效能 供应链风险 | | 英文关键词: Standards-based Institutional Opening Total Factor Productivity Integration of Domestic and International Trade Efficacy of Organizational Management Supply Chain Risk | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 引进国外先进技术标准作为扩大标准制度型开放的关键举措，在有效填补国内标准空缺和匹配高水平国际经贸规则的同时，也为实体企业实现效率变革提供了重要动力。本文利用新构建的国际标准分类与制造业行业分类（ICS-CIC）匹配表，将技术标准跨国采用数据与中国微观企业数据结合，理论分析并实证检验了长时期以来中国推动本国标准与国际接轨中“引进模式”的有效性及其作用逻辑。研究发现，技术标准的引进显著提高了国内企业全要素生产率，且该影响对于技术复杂度以及资源错配程度更高的行业更大，而技术标准具有的“质量引导”“信息透明”“兼容协调”等基础属性在其中起着底层支撑作用。机制分析表明，技术标准引进所推动的内外贸一体化发展、组织管理效能提升与供应链风险减缓，是提高企业全要素生产率的重要渠道。拓展性分析发现，吸收能力更强的企业在标准开放中获益更多；依托上下游产业关联，标准引进可以在行业间产生积极的外溢影响；当“信息透明”叠加“兼容协调”功能属性时，高标准的引领作用将会被进一步放大。本研究揭示了主动对接国际高标准在提高后发国家生产率水平中的积极作用，为中国提升制度型开放效能与实现高质量发展提供了重要政策启示。 | | 英文摘要: | | Serving as the “common language” of international trade and economy, technical standards are critical guidelines for enterprises competing in both domestic and international markets. In the current context of continually evolving global product standards and frequent technical trade frictions, establishing a technical standards system that is deeply integrated with international practices is crucial. However, due to the relatively late development of China’s standardization system and its comparatively limited industrial innovation capacity, a significant gap remains between China and Western developed countries in terms of both the supply capacity and quality requirements of technical standards. To effectively address the resulting shortage of key technical standards and promote the alignment of Chinese standards with international systems, the proactive introduction of mature foreign standards has long been a primary strategy for China—a significant practice that has been largely overlooked in the existing literature. More importantly, compared to traditional channels of international technology spillovers, such as international trade and investment, the potential advantages of cross-border standard introduction, including whether it can generate knowledge spillover effects and drive overall productivity growth in latecomer economies, have substantial theoretical and practical implications for countries with weak technical standard capabilities and limited participation in international market competition. From the perspective of the world’s largest developing economy, this study systematically examines the sectoral and functional distribution characteristics as well as evolutionary trends of technical standards introduced into China. It summarizes the potential advantages of standards introduction over traditional international technology spillover channels, such as knowledge integration, stability in technology acquisition, and directness of technology diffusion. Using a self-constructed matching table between the International Classification for Standards and China’s manufacturing industry classification, we integrate data on the cross-border adoption of technical standards with Chinese firm-level microdata. The study theoretically analyzes and empirically tests the effectiveness and mechanisms of China’s long-term approach to aligning domestic standards with international systems, specifically, whether and how the standard introduction model contributes to enhancing total factor productivity (TFP) in latecomer countries. The results indicate that standards introduction significantly improves the TFP of domestic firms. This finding remains robust after controlling for the lobbying influence of ultra-large enterprises and accounting for potential reverse causality. Moreover, the effect is more pronounced in industries with higher technological complexity and greater resource misallocation, implying that technical standards play a vital role in deconstructing complex technologies, reducing adoption barriers, and stimulating market competition. The fundamental attributes of technical standards—quality guidance, information transparency, and compatibility and coordination—serve as underlying supporting mechanisms. Mechanism analysis reveals that standards introduction reduces market transition costs for domestic firms and enables deeper integration within production systems, thereby effectively facilitating the convergence of domestic and international operations, improving organizational management efficiency, and mitigating supply chain risks. These are important channels through which firm TFP is enhanced. Further analysis reveals that although technical standards exhibit characteristics of a “quasi-public good,” firms with stronger absorptive capacity benefit more from standards openness. Through industrial linkages, standards introduction generates positive spillover effects across sectors, as the adoption of technical standards in upstream (downstream) industries significantly boosts the TFP of downstream (upstream) firms. Additionally, the combination of “information transparency” and “compatibility and coordination” significantly amplifies the positive impact of standards introduction. From the perspective of standard introduction, this study underscores the critical role of proactive engagement with international high standards in enhancing productivity in latecomer economies. It broadens the understanding of international technology spillover pathways, validates the effectiveness of China’s long-term standard internationalization strategy, and offers actionable policy insights for policymakers in latecomer countries (typically with limited standardization capacity) to promote high-quality economic development. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
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