| 张璇玥,姚树洁,汤学良.中国特色扶贫政策的劳动供给效应——基于本地非迁移家庭的分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2025,(6):193-212 | | 中国特色扶贫政策的劳动供给效应——基于本地非迁移家庭的分析 | | Labor Supply Response to Poverty Alleviation Policies with Chinese Characteristics: An Analysis of Local Nonmigrant Households | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 精准扶贫 劳动供给 家庭照料约束 | | 英文关键词: Targeted Poverty Alleviation Labor Supply Household Care Constraint | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 中国特色扶贫政策以“造血式”帮扶为核心,对防止规模性返贫、促进农村就业和稳定收入增长意义重大。本文以精准扶贫政策为典型,利用中国家庭追踪调查和县域经济数据,使用双重差分方法,检验其对连片特困地区劳动供给的影响及机理。研究发现,精准扶贫在缓解多维贫困的同时,提高了家庭劳动参与率。结构分解表明,在农业及兼业生产与非农受雇两种劳动类型中,本地家庭对政策产生的劳动供给反应主要集中在农业及兼业生。机制分析发现,相较于通过调节劳动与非劳动收入来影响劳动供给,精准扶贫为存在照料约束的家庭提供本地劳动机会,对劳动力供需两端均产生积极影响。政策在地区内和地区间会产生具有“益贫性”的异质性劳动供给效应,但该效应尚未显著改善区域内收入差距。本文发现,“造血式”帮扶产生的地区开发为应对照料约束的本地家庭带来就业机会,这为稳定脱贫地区就业状态、扶持农村本地劳动力市场和实现产业可持续发展提供政策参考。 | | 英文摘要: | | Stimulating the endogenous development momentum?in less-developed areas is crucial for preventing large-scale relapse into poverty. The key mechanism lies in ensuring that most of the labor-capable low-income population attains stable work opportunities and income status.?The poverty alleviation policies with Chinese characteristics emphasize development-oriented aid to rescue the poor. Through infrastructure development, education, and industrial support, these policies can significantly contribute to local employment. These efforts would not only provide an institutional foundation for stabilizing rural employment and income growth in the new stage of development but also demonstrate China’s institutional advantages. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of such assistance warrant in-depth exploration. The Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy offers an ideal research context for this systematic analysis.Using individual and household data from the China Family Panel Study, this article employs a difference-in-differences?method to?examine the labor supply responses of local nonmigrant households in poverty-stricken areas to Targeted Poverty Alleviation in China. Its mechanism and pro-poor impacts are also exploited. The results are as follows. First, while alleviating multidimensional poverty in poverty-stricken areas, the policy also increases the labor supply of both individuals and households (as an economic pool of their members). These results remain robust after excluding the confounding influence of other rural revitalization policies during the sample period and the potential influence of sampling weights. Moreover, the treatment effect can be extended to all nationally designated poor counties. Second, structural decomposition reveals that among the two types of labor work (agricultural and sideline work as well as nonagricultural employment), the labor supply response mainly concentrates on the extensive margin of agricultural and sideline production. Third, consistent with the classic labor supply theory, we examine three main channels that may drive the labor supply response aforementioned—changes in labor income, changes in nonlabor income, and mitigating family care constraints.The results reveal that there is no significant evidence that the policy leads to changes in labor or nonlabor income of nonmigrant households, which could not fully explain the labor supply responses above. Instead, the policy brings in more enterprises, which provide local job opportunities for households with family care constraints and increase the local labor force participation. We also rule out the potential explanation that the policy affects agricultural technological advancements to induce labor supply response. Finally, labor supply response to this policy exhibits heterogeneity both within and across counties. The policy exerts a more pronounced labor supply effect on counties with weaker economic foundations and on individuals with lower educational attainment, thereby reflecting the pro-poorness of the large-scale regional development practice from Targeted Poverty Alleviation. However, the policy does not significantly narrow the intra-county income gap, which still requires heightened policy attention in the future.The results imply?that the regional development caused by Targeted Poverty Alleviation in China provides?local?job opportunities?for households with?family?care?constraints, which has several policy implications. First, the labor supply and demand response to Targeted Poverty Alleviation indicates the possibility of endogenous rural development in the new stage of development. However, how to enhance the operation capacity of local enterprises and leverage the potential roles of cooperative heads with a strong sense of hometown attachment and altruistic spirit still needs further discussion. Second, forward-looking industrial planning is indispensable for rural development in less-developed counties. Special attention should be paid to addressing the lagging industrial restructuring in regions formerly plagued by poverty. Third, family care constraint remains an important factor influencing individual labor supply. It is imperative to integrate migrant workers into urban society and offer equal access to basic public services. Fourth, a systematic policy framework is urgently needed to address both intra- and inter-regional income disparities. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
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