| 刘一伟,和宇航.从“养老照护”到“创业赋能”：长期护理保险政策与家庭创业活动[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2025,(6):173-192 | | 从“养老照护”到“创业赋能”：长期护理保险政策与家庭创业活动 | | From “Elderly Care” to “Entrepreneurial Empowerment”: Long-term Care Insurance Policy and Family Entrepreneurship Activities | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 长期护理保险 家庭创业 照料时间 风险偏好 资产积累 | | 英文关键词: Long-term Care Insurance Family Entrepreneurship Caregiving Time Risk Preference Asset Accumulation | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 中国正面临老龄化加速与失能老人规模快速扩大的双重挑战,由此形成的照料负担严重制约家庭经济活力释放。长期护理保险制度作为应对老龄化治理难题的顶层设计,通过重构失能老人照护责任的社会化分担机制,为破解养老照护困局提供了政策突破口。本文利用2012~2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用双重差分法评估了中国长期护理保险试点政策对家庭创业活动的影响及其内在机理。研究结果显示，长期护理保险试点政策显著增强了试点地区家庭的创业意愿和创业收益,且这种积极效应在有其他劳动力在职的家庭与老年父母逆反哺的家庭中更加显著。机制分析发现，长期护理保险试点政策通过减轻照料时间压力、提高家庭风险偏好与促进家庭资产积累,分别强化了家庭创业的时间自由度、心理安全感与经济稳定性。拓展性分析发现,长期护理保险试点政策显著激励了生存型创业,显示出其在满足基本生活需求的创业活动中的积极推动作用。同时,长期护理保险试点政策还提升了家庭创业的动态性,创造了新的家庭创业机会并支持家庭创业的持续发展。本研究的结论不仅为完善中国长期护理保险制度提供了科学依据,也为促进经济高质量发展和提升家庭福利水平提供了重要的政策参考。 | | 英文摘要: | | China is currently grappling with the dual challenges of accelerated aging and the rapid increase in the number of disabled elderly individuals. This intensifying phenomenon has placed a considerable elderly care burden on families, directly impacting the release of family economic vitality and productivity. The growing population of disabled elderly individuals not only raises the costs of caregiving but also restricts family members’ ability to participate in other economic activities. Therefore, finding effective policy measures to alleviate caregiving burdens and promote family economic vitality is an urgent issue. The long-term care insurance (LTCI) system is a high-level design intended to address the challenges posed by aging. It aims to reconstruct the social responsibility-sharing mechanism for caring for disabled elderly individuals to ease the caregiving pressure on families and foster economic development.This study utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2012 to 2020 and employs a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to evaluate the impact of China’s LTCI pilot policy on family entrepreneurship activities and its underlying mechanisms. By meticulously analyzing the entrepreneurial intentions and income outcomes across various family structures, this study aims to uncover how LTCI policies can stimulate family engagement in entrepreneurial activities while alleviating caregiving pressures. The selected samples encompass diverse family types from the pilot regions, ensuring the representativeness and reliability of the research findings.The empirical results reveal that the LTCI pilot policy significantly enhances both the entrepreneurial intentions and actual income levels of families in the designated pilot areas. This positive effect is more pronounced in households that have other working members and those engaged in a “reverse support” dynamic with elderly parents. This indicates that the LTCI effectively mitigates the financial burden of caregiving, thereby increasing families’ participation in economic activities. With the alleviation of caregiving pressures, family members can redirect their focus toward entrepreneurial ventures and other economic pursuits, ultimately leading to improved economic conditions.In exploring the impact mechanisms, the study finds that the LTCI pilot policy strengthens family entrepreneurship by alleviating time constraints related to caregiving, enhancing risk preferences, and facilitating asset accumulation by families. By reducing caregiving pressures, family members can free up valuable time and energy for entrepreneurial endeavors, while increased risk tolerance encourages families to explore new business opportunities, thereby stimulating the growth of entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, the accumulation of family assets provides a more robust financial foundation for entrepreneurship, enabling families to embark on new ventures with greater confidence and security.Additionally, the expansion analysis reveals that the LTCI pilot policy significantly incentivizes survival entrepreneurship, highlighting its positive influence on entrepreneurial activities aimed at meeting basic living requirements. The implementation of the long-term care insurance system not only serves as a safety net that aids families in maintaining their livelihoods amid economic pressures but also enhances the dynamism of family entrepreneurship by creating new opportunities and supporting sustainable development. Such a policy framework not only opens more avenues for family entrepreneurship but also establishes a foundation for broader economic stability and growth.Based on these findings, this study recommends further enhancement of China’s long-term care insurance system by increasing policy transparency, expanding coverage, and providing more substantial support for families to stimulate entrepreneurial activity. Policymakers should consider the diverse needs of different family types and formulate policies that are more flexible and targeted to effectively support the economic recovery and development of families. Moreover, by showcasing successful family entrepreneurship cases, more families can be encouraged to engage in entrepreneurial activities, thereby contributing to sustainable economic growth and improving family welfare levels throughout society. Such efforts are essential not only for addressing the immediate challenges posed by aging and disability but also for fostering a more vibrant and resilient economy. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
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