| 解垩,王溪.教育机会平等与共同富裕：兼论财政的调节作用[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2025,(5):200-220 | | 教育机会平等与共同富裕：兼论财政的调节作用 | | Equal Opportunities in Education and Common Wealth: The Regulating Role of Finance | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 相对贫困 教育机会平等 公共财政支出 共同富裕 | | 英文关键词: Relative Poverty Equal Opportunities in Education Public Financial Expenditure Common Wealth | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 公平的教育机会能够保护和培育相对贫困人口的内生发展动力，是推进共同富裕的关键一环。本文构建世代交叠模型，并将财政变量纳入分析框架，通过数理推导发现，教育机会平等会改善相对贫困，公共财政支出能够减轻教育机会的环境相关性对相对贫困的影响。在此基础上，引入“环境-努力”分析框架实证检验发现，无论以概率还是程度衡量相对贫困，教育机会平等均会缓解相对贫困，这一影响主要存在于公共服务水平较低的地级市，公共财政支出在二者的关系中发挥了调节作用。异质性分析发现，教育机会平等对相对贫困的改善作用主要存在于欠发达地区，社会保障和就业支出以及医疗卫生支出均发挥了显著有效的调节作用，但财政教育支出的政策效应仍然存在提升空间。拓展性分析表明，户籍因素、父母受教育水平和父母职业阶层环境因素是促进教育机会平等的主要方面。本文为新发展阶段长效治理相对贫困和实现共同富裕提供了政策方向。 | | 英文摘要: | | The elimination of absolute poverty does not end the problem of poverty. China’s poverty reduction efforts will persist at an early stage of developmental assistance and prevention of the return of poverty. Relative poverty groups constrain the narrowing of the income gap and the transformation of the income distribution structure. This paper, then, working in the context of the era of common wealth, explores the causes of relative poverty and the path of governance from the perspective of whether equal opportunities in education can ameliorate relative poverty and how finance will play a role.This paper constructs an overlapping generational (OLG) model and incorporates fiscal variables into its analytical framework. Through mathematical deduction, it finds that equality of opportunity in education ameliorates relative poverty, and public expenditure can mitigate the impact of the environmental correlates of educational opportunity on relative poverty. On this basis, introduction of the “environment-effort” analytical framework empirical test reveals that, whether measured by probability or degree of relative poverty, equality of opportunity in education alleviates relative poverty, and this effect is mainly evident in prefecture-level cities with a lower level of public services. Moreover, public financial expenditure plays a moderating role in the relationship between equality of opportunity in education and relative poverty. This effect of ameliorating relative poverty is mainly evident in less developed regions. Social security, employment expenditures, and healthcare expenditures all play a significant and effective moderating role, but there is still room for improvement in the policy effect of fiscal education expenditures. The environmental factors of household registration, the level of parental education, and the parents’ occupational class are the main factors that must be addressed to promote equality of opportunity in education.The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. First, this paper focuses on the fact that fair educational opportunities can protect and nurture the endogenous development drive of the relatively poor, and thus they are a key factor in promoting common prosperity. Therefore, this paper tries to study governance regarding relative poverty from the perspective of educational opportunities, thereby providing a basis for promoting educational equity as a way to empower common prosperity. Second, this paper constructs an overlapping generational (OLG) model in its theoretical analysis and incorporates finance-related variables into its analytical framework, thereby creating a useful extension of the generational overlapping theory and providing a theoretical basis for governance solutions from the financial level and empirically examining the regulating role of finance. Third, compared with the majority of studies to date, which have analyzed educational equity in terms of outcomes, this paper measures the coefficient of inequality of educational opportunities in the two contexts of Roemer and Barry, based on the dualistic “environment-effort” analysis framework. Equality of opportunity is the core dimension for evaluating equity. Although the measurement of environmental factors is related to the identification of individual development opportunities and rights, the two different contexts represent two ways of evaluating the role of the environment, and thus this framework is able to more accurately and comprehensively assess the degree of equality of opportunity in education.Finally, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations. Attention should be given to equity of educational opportunities and the distribution of educational resources should be increased in favor of disadvantaged groups; the pro-poor nature of public financial expenditures should be enhanced and the level of basic public services in less developed areas should be raised; and family education and social education should be strengthened as a way to weaken the influence of family background on educational opportunities. This paper provides policy ideas for breaking down the barriers to the successful long-term governance of relative poverty and the realization of shared prosperity in the new development phase. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
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