| 方明月,林佳妮,聂辉华.数字化转型是否促进了企业内共同富裕？[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2022,(11):50-70 | | 数字化转型是否促进了企业内共同富裕？ | | Does Digital Transformation Promote Common Prosperity within Firms?Evidence from Chinese A-share Listed Firms | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 数字经济 数字化转型 共同富裕 收入差距 | | 英文关键词: Digital Economy Digital Transformation Common Prosperity Income Gap | | 基金项目:本文得到国家自然科学基金青年项目（72002213）、北京市社会科学基金一般项目（20JJB006）、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2022TC065）和教育部重大课题攻关项目（18JZD048）的资助 | | | 中文摘要: | | 发展数字经济被认为是推进共同富裕的新动能，但是已有文献形成了正反两方面的结论。为此，本文从实证角度研究数字化转型对企业内部收入分配的影响。使用2003~2019年中国A股上市公司数据，通过文本分析法构造企业的数字化转型指标，我们得到了以下结论。第一，数字化转型总体上提高了企业的营业总收入和劳动收入份额，即同时实现了“做大蛋糕”和“分好蛋糕”的功能。第二，在资本技术密集型企业，数字化转型同时提高了劳动收入份额和降低了劳动收入差距；在国有企业中，数字化转型提高了劳动收入份额。第三，不同的数字技术对收入分配具有异质性影响。大数据、智能制造、信息化技术提高了劳动收入份额，而互联网商业模式则降低了劳动收入份额。在借助信息消费示范城市政策冲击进行有匹配的三重差分检验（PSM-DDD），以及使用工具变量法等一系列稳健性检验后，本文的主要结论仍然成立。进一步的分析表明，数字化转型改善收入分配的机制包括：数字化转型具有生产率效应，从而提高了营业总收入；就业创造效应超过了替代效应，从而提高了劳动收入及其份额；数字化转型提高了普通员工自主权，从而缩小了劳动收入差距。本文的研究为促进共同富裕和实现高质量发展提供了重要政策启示。 | | 英文摘要: | | Nowadays, income gap is widening all over the world.The advent of the digital economy era brings hope for improving income distribution and promoting common prosperity.However, the existing literature has formed positive and negative conclusions about the impacts of digital technology.Therefore, this paper examines the effects of digital transformation on income distribution within firms empirically.We construct the digital transformation indicators of firms through textual analysis, and obtain the following conclusions by using the sample of A-share listed firms from 2003 to 2019.First, digital transformation generally increases the gross income and the labor share of income in firms.Specifically, digital transformation improves the labor income and non labor income of firms, that is, it realizes the function of “enlarging the pie”.Relatively, digital transformation increases labor income more, thus increasing the labor share of income, that is, it realizes the function of “fairly sharing the pie”.To mitigate the endogeneity concerns, we carry out Difference-in-Difference-in-Differences specification (DDD), instrumental methods, and other robustness checks, and find main results hold.Second, from the perspective of industries, compared with labor-intensive industries, the digital transformation of firms in capital and technology intensive industries increases the labor share of firms and narrows the labor income gap between management and ordinary employees.This shows that firms' digital transformation can promote high-quality industrial development and common prosperity.From the perspective of ownership, compared with non-state-owned firms, the digital transformation of state-owned firms increases the labor share of income.Third, different digital technologies have heterogeneous effects on firms' income distribution.Big data, intelligent manufacturing and information technology can increase the labor share of income, while the Internet business model reduces the labor share of income.This is because big data, intelligent manufacturing and information technology can create employment for technical posts, thus improving labor income.In contrast, internet business model mainly increases non labor income, and its employment creation effect is insignificant.Further research documents that there exist three mechanisms for digital transformation to improve income distribution within firms.First, digital transformation has a productivity effect, which increases the gross income.Second, the employment creation effect exceeds the substitution effect.Specifically, digital transformation creates the employment of technical posts and sales posts, replaces the employment of production posts in labor-intensive industries, and the former exceeds the latter, thus increasing the labor income and its share.Third, digital transformation improves the autonomy of ordinary employees and narrows the labor income gap by increasing the relative income of ordinary employees.This paper contributes to the existing literature in the following three respects.First, this study comprehensively analyzes the overall and heterogeneous effects of different digital technologies on labor income distribution.Second, this study reveals the impact of digital transformation on labor income gap within firms.Third, in terms of mechanisms, we describe different effects of digital transformation on the labor market and the conditions under which it works.This study provides important policy implications for promoting common prosperity, developing digital economy and achieving high-quality development.First, from the perspective of promoting common prosperity, we should vigorously promote the digital transformation of enterprises.Second, there is no conflict between high-quality development and common prosperity.Third, policies to promote common prosperity should be accurate, such as preferential tax policies for e-commerce should be carefully considered. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录.zip |
| | |
