| 马强文,侯拓,张继伟.国家大学科技园如何促进高校科技成果转化？——基于创新空间的视角[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2026,(10):142-165 | | 国家大学科技园如何促进高校科技成果转化？——基于创新空间的视角 | | How Does the National University Science Park Promote University Technology Transfer? An Innovation SpacePerspective | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 国家大学科技园 科技成果转化 创新空间 知识溢出 | | 英文关键词: National University Science Park Technology Transfer Innovation Space Knowledge Spillovers | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 一体推进教育科技人才发展，实现高水平科技自立自强，需要有效衔接高校创新供给与企业技术需求。国家大学科技园能否发挥创新空间功能，降低校企信息不对称与交易摩擦，是提升高校科技成果转化效能的重要议题。本文基于高校涉企专利转让记录，考察国家大学科技园对高校科技成果转化的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，国家大学科技园的设立显著增加了高校向企业转让的专利数量。机制分析表明，国家大学科技园显著增强了高校科技成果供给的信息质量与连接效率，显著改善了企业对科技成果的需求状况以及校企双方的匹配水平，上述结果为科技园降低信息不对称与交易摩擦提供了多维度细颗粒证据。异质性分析表明，科技园政策效果受到园区建设模式、政府参与程度、高校类型以及区域金融与制度环境的影响。进一步分析发现，国家大学科技园并未使得高校技术收入显著增加，但专利受让企业获得了显著的技术进步。在政策协同方面，技术转移办公室在整体上对国家大学科技园的成果转化效应具有替代性，但在促进校企互动方面，大学科技园具有不可替代的作用。本文从创新空间视角揭示了国家大学科技园的独特功能，为优化重塑国家大学科技园、完善高校成果转化体系提供了启示。 | | 英文摘要: | | Advancing education, science and technology, and talent development in an integrated manner and achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology require effective connections between universities’ innovation supply and firms’ technological demand. Yet university scientific and technological achievements often face substantial barriers before entering industrial application. Firms may find it difficult to identify and evaluate university technologies, universities may have limited access to firms’ actual technological needs, and effective matching may be hindered by differences in knowledge bases and insufficient intermediary services. These problems reflect persistent information asymmetry and transaction frictions between universities and firms. Against this background, this paper examines whether the National University Science Park (NUSP) can function as an innovation space that connects universities and firms and thereby promotes university technology transfer. Using detailed records of university-to-firm patent transfers, this paper systematically evaluates the impact of the NUSP and its underlying mechanisms. The results show that the establishment of the NUSP significantly increases the number of patents transferred from universities to firms, indicating that it effectively promotes the transformation of university scientific and technological achievements. This finding remains robust across a series of alternative specifications and robustness tests.
To uncover the underlying mechanism, this paper focuses on three stages of university-firm interaction: technology supply, firm demand, and supply-demand matching. On the supply side, the NUSP significantly improves the information quality and connection efficiency of university technological achievements by enhancing patent-text readability, improving the timeliness of patent disclosure, and increasing the responsiveness of university innovation to firms’ technological needs. On the demand side, the NUSP improves firms’ demand conditions for university technologies by attracting more firms to locate around universities. Greater geographical proximity increases opportunities for university-firm interaction, knowledge access, and technology discovery, thereby expanding the potential demand base for university technology transfer. In terms of supply-demand matching, the NUSP promotes the entry of firms in industries cognitively related to universities’ advantageous disciplines, improving the alignment between university knowledge and firm technological demand. It also strengthens professional intermediary services related to patent valuation, intellectual property management, and technology transfer. Evidence from the entry of patent intermediary service firms, universities’ recruitment of patent service professionals, university-firm innovation collaboration, and patent transfer duration consistently supports this mechanism. Taken together, these multidimensional and fine-grained results provide mutually reinforcing evidence that the NUSP reduces information asymmetry and transaction frictions in technology identification, demand discovery, and matching coordination.
The policy effect of the NUSP nevertheless varies across different innovation ecosystem conditions. Heterogeneity analysis shows that its effectiveness is shaped by park construction models, the degree of government participation, university types, and regional financial and institutional environments, suggesting that the NUSP does not operate independently of the broader innovation ecosystem. Further analysis also reveals important functional boundaries. Although the NUSP significantly promotes the flow of university technologies to firms, it does not significantly increase universities’ technology-related income. By contrast, firms receiving university patents experience significant technological progress. This suggests that the NUSP is particularly effective in facilitating technology circulation and university-firm connection, but cannot substitute for internal university reforms concerning technology valuation, revenue sharing, and researcher incentives. The paper further compares the NUSP with technology transfer offices. Overall, technology transfer offices exert a substitutive effect on the technology-transfer function of the NUSP, but the NUSP retains an irreplaceable role in promoting university-firm interaction through its distinctive spatial function. From an innovation space perspective, this paper therefore identifies both the distinctive function and the policy boundary of the NUSP, and provides implications for optimizing the National University Science Park and improving the broader system of university technology transfer in China. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
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