| LIU Xiuyan,ZHANG Xuecui.China’s Place-based Policy Impact on Entrepreneurship:Evidence from Poverty Reduction Reform from 2011 to 2020[J].The Journal of quantitative and technical economics,2025,(12):86-108 |
| 中国式区域导向型政策的创业促进效应评估——来自2011~2020年减贫改革的证据 |
| China’s Place-based Policy Impact on Entrepreneurship:Evidence from Poverty Reduction Reform from 2011 to 2020 |
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| 中文关键词: 中国式区域导向型政策 创业 双重差分 空间双重差分 要素空间配置格局 |
| 英文关键词: China’s Place-based Policy Entrepreneurship Difference-in-difference Method Spatial Difference-in-difference Factor Spatial Configuration Pattern |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 如何通过区域导向型政策提升发展活力对经济增长与平衡协调发展意义重大。既有研究鲜见中国式区域导向型政策对欠发达地区微观经济主体活力的影响。创业是增强内生发展动力的关键引擎。本文以大规模减贫改革（2011~2020 年）为准自然实验，构建多源经济地理空间数据集，用双重差分、空间双重差分等探讨了中国式区域导向型政策的创业效应。研究发现，此项政策主要通过交通扶贫、金融扶贫提升交通基础设施水平、增强金融准入，优化创业环境，直接促进县域创业。结合具体政策手段从更细空间探究发现，交通便利引致贫困县人口外流，扶贫搬迁导致贫困县域内人口转移与农村土地闲置，二者共同引致农村人地空间分化、耕地规模扩张与城区人口集聚、建设用地扩张，优化了要素空间配置格局，间接促进县域创业。此外，政策效应在中西部、三大行业，以及自然禀赋和经济、社会福利、农业技术条件较差县作用更显著；对 30 公里内非国贫县产生空间溢出。本文为激发欠发达地区微观经济主体活力、优化城乡产业布局、推进乡村全面振兴提供了经验证据与政策启示。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The implementation of “place-based policy” in China has promoted economic growth and income increase, but few studies have focused on the impact on the vitality of microeconomic entities.China has had significant achievements since 1978. Unlike the poverty alleviation policy implemented in most Western countries, China’s poverty alleviation policy pays more attention to “development-oriented poverty alleviation thought,” which is helpful for stimulating the vitality of microeconomic entities, enhancing endogenous development capacity, and strengthening development sustainability. The latest round of poverty alleviation reform (2011~2020),which aimed to improve large-scale poverty counties, is the largest and most effective poverty reduction program in the world. Entrepreneurship is the key engine for enhancing the endogenous development impetus, optimizing the urban-rural industrial structure and spatial layout, and realizing sustainable development in underdeveloped areas. It is of great significance to study the entrepreneurship promotion effects of this reform at the county level.Based on the temporal and spatial sequence changes in the important characteristic facts, including the growth of new birth enterprises, transportation infrastructure construction, and financial access, this study constructs a datasets based on a county-level panel data and three geographical spatial datasets in China for 13 consecutive years and uses the difference-in-difference (DID) method, spatial DID (SDID) method, and other approaches to evaluate its impact on entrepreneurship comprehensively and meticulously. The study finds that this reform primarily improves the entrepreneurship environment by enhancing transportation infrastructure and improving financial access in poor regions. Through more detailed spatial analysis combined with concrete policy measures, it is found that transportation convenience contributes to population outflow from impoverished counties. Moreover, poverty alleviation relocation facilitates rural-to-urban migration and increase sidle farmland, resulting in human-land spatial differentiation, cultivated land scale expansion in rural regions, population concentration, and construction land expansion in urban regions. All these changes optimize resource spatial allocation within national-poverty counties, creating more detailed entrepreneurship spatial heterogeneity. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals some more pronounced entrepreneurship improvement effects in China’s central and western regions; the three major industries; and counties with few natural resources and poor social, economic, or technological conditions. This implies that the poverty reform leads to inclusive growth for poor regions. It also demonstrates a significant positive spatial spillover effect on entrepreneurship in non-national-poverty counties within a 30km radius of national-poverty counties.The contributions of this study are mainly reflected in the following four aspects. First, it clearly defines the conception and characteristics of “China’s place-based policy” to enrich theoretical research on this type of policy. Second, the empirical study based on the new enterprise birth offers important evidence on how to formulate and implement more effective “place-based policy” to stimulate the vitality of microeconomic entities. Third, through the SDID test, it finds that this reform generates positive spatial spillovers for non-national-poverty counties within a 0-30km radius of these national-poverty counties. This significant finding starkly contrasts with the international academic consensus that the “place-based policy” is more likely to lead to efficiency losses in other non-policy regions. This study offers empirical evidence and has policy implications on how other countries or regions enhance economic efficiency in target areas without reducing or even improving development efficiency in surrounding regions. Fourth, this study integrates statistical data with multi-source geographic big data and pairs it with vector maps of China’s administrative divisions at various levels. By constructing a multi-layered and comprehensive spatial dataset using refined latitude and longitude data, it significantly bolsters the reliability, broadens the research perspective, and improves the precision of the study.This study offers empirical evidence and policy recommendations to invigorate microeconomic entities in underdeveloped regions, enhance the spatial distribution of urban and rural industries, and foster comprehensive rural revitalization. |
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