| JIANG Wei,ZHANG Mingyue,JI Ping.Firm Dynamics Decomposition of China‘s Industrial Pollution Emissions: Technological Progress, Resource Allocation and Selection Effects[J].The Journal of quantitative and technical economics,2022,(12):153-172 |
| 中国工业污染排放的企业动态分解：技术进步、资源配置与选择效应 |
| Firm Dynamics Decomposition of China‘s Industrial Pollution Emissions: Technological Progress, Resource Allocation and Selection Effects |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 污染排放 企业动态 技术进步 资源配置选择效应 |
| 英文关键词: Pollution Emissions Firm Dynamics Technological Progress Resource Allocation Selection Effect |
| 基金项目:本文获得国家自然科学基金面上项目“地区间产业政策竞争、市场分割与资源空间误置”（71973108）、四川省科技厅软科学研究项目“四川融入国内大循环加快促进国内国际双循环研究”（2021JDR0060）、西南财经大学“光华英才工程”的资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 推动绿色发展是党的二十大报告对全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求。本文基于企业动态视角首次将中国工业污染排放强度的变化分解为技术进步效应、资源配置效应与选择效应，通过从行业和空间维度提出行业结构效应和空间迁移效应的动态分解方法。在此基础上，本文以1998~2014年中国工业企业化学需氧量和二氧化硫排放为分解对象，分析了中国工业污染排放的动态演进特征。本文的分解结果表明，要素资源向清洁企业的优化配置和在位企业的环境技术进步是中国工业污染减排的核心驱动力，其对化学需氧量的减排贡献分别为56.616%和31.375%，对二氧化硫的减排贡献分别为49.237%和38.179%，但企业进入、退出决定的选择效应在减排中的贡献并不突出，对减排的整体贡献偏小。本文进一步深入企业内部从产品结构层面对环境绩效展开分析，采用产品重构指数探索企业内资源配置效应对污染减排的影响。研究结果表明，企业内向核心产品的资源配置有利于降低二氧化硫的排放强度，但产品重构效应对化学需氧量和工业废水排放的影响并不显著。本文为探索中国工业污染排放提供了新的统计分析框架，以企业动态的微观视角理解中国工业污染排放的演变历程，有助于准确认识中国工业绿色转型在企业层面的动力来源。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Many studies have shown that understanding firm dynamics, such as firm entry, exit, and incumbent firm adjustments, provides a theoretical basis for understanding productivity gains, resource allocation efficiency, and economic growth in China. In this study, we apply a firm dynamics perspective to decompose changes in China's industrial pollution emission intensity into technological progress, resource allocation, and selection effects. This is the first known study to take this approach. By extending the decomposition framework to industrial and spatial dimensions, we provide dynamic decomposition methods assessing the industrial structure effect and the spatial migration effect. Further, recent research indicates that exporting firms optimize their profits by adjusting product range and sales share. This, in turn, changes resource allocations within the firm and total output. The output of different products closely relates to pollution emissions. Therefore, we further test the impact of within-firm resource allocation on pollution reduction based on product-mix indexes. Using panel data for firm-level chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions, we analyze the evolving characteristics of these pollutants at the firm, inter-industry, and inter-regional levels from 1998 to 2014. The results indicate that allocating resources to clean firms and technological progress by incumbents are core driving forces for pollution reduction in China. The two effects, resource allocation and technological progress, contribute 56.616% and 31.375%, respectively, to the reduction of chemical oxygen demand; and 49.237% and 38.179%, respectively, to the reduction of sulfur dioxide. In contrast, the selection effect makes a relatively small contribution. The decomposition results of the industry structure effect and the spatial migration effect indicate that Chinese industry has transformed from being clean-intensive to pollution-intensive, and the production has moved from clean areas to polluted areas. Shifts in the resource allocation of incumbents have driven these trends.Next, we used the Annual Environmental Survey of Polluting Firms and matched it against the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms and the Chinese Customs Database to obtain panel data containing pollution emissions, import and export data, and firm characteristics. Using these matched data, we examine how resource allocation among products within a firm affects pollution abatement. The results show that the within-firm resource allocation to core products supports reductions in the emission intensity of sulfur dioxide, but the product-mix effect on chemical oxygen demand and industrial wastewater is not significant. This effect varies across industries with different levels of pollution intensity and across regions with different environmental regulations. For regions with more stringent environmental regulations, increasing product concentration is beneficial to reduce the level of sulfur dioxide.This study makes the following unique contributions to the field. First, we construct a framework for decomposing pollution emissions based on firm dynamics, complementing previous studies that focus on static perspectives. This is the first known study to systematically decompose the dynamic evolution of industrial pollution emissions in China and identify the core factors driving pollution reduction. Second, we extend the firm-level framework to the industry dimension, combining industry restructuring with firm dynamics. This derives a series of typical characteristics about industrial pollution emissions in China, providing a factual basis for environmental policy assessment. Third, we propose a cross-regional dynamic decomposition method that combines the spatial shift of pollution emissions with firm dynamics, to explore the determinants of emissions spatial migration. This provides an important statistical framework for future research on the “Pollution Paradise” Effect. Finally, we empirically test the impact of product structure on pollution emissions of Chinese industrial firms. This analyzes environmental performance within firms and enriches the study of micro-mechanisms associated with green production and the clean development of Chinese firms |
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