| 尹志超,文小梅,栗传政.普惠金融、收入差距与共同富裕[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2023,(1):109-127 | | 普惠金融、收入差距与共同富裕 | | Financial Inclusion, Income Gap, and Common Prosperity | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 普惠金融 共同富裕 收入差距 创业 非农就业 | | 英文关键词: Financial Inclusion Common Prosperity Income Gap Entrepreneurship Non-agricultural Employment | | 基金项目:本文获得国家社科基金重大项目“中国家庭经济风险测度、成因及外溢性研究”(21&ZD087)的资助。 | | | 中文摘要: | | 党的二十大报告指出，实现全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质要求。本文利用2015～2019年中国家庭金融调查数据，研究了普惠金融对中国家庭收入差距的影响及其作用机制，进而回答普惠金融对实现共同富裕的作用。实证研究发现，普惠金融显著缩小了中国家庭的收入差距，普惠金融指数提高10%，基尼系数下降0.02，具有显著的经济意义。研究还发现，普惠金融显著提高了收入40分位数以下家庭和相对贫困家庭的收入水平，并提高了家庭进入收入40分位数以上的概率，有利于促进共同富裕。机制分析显示，普惠金融提高了低收入家庭的创业概率，并促进农村家庭非农就业，从而缩小收入差距。进一步分析发现，普惠金融对农村地区、农业户口、低社会资本、低人力资本、低物质资本、贫困线以下家庭的收入水平产生了更显著的正向影响，表明普惠金融具有良好的普惠性。本文的研究为全面认识普惠金融的作用提供了新的证据，为理解收入差距提供了新的视角，对采取金融措施促进共同富裕，加速中国式现代化具有政策启示。 | | 英文摘要: | | In the early 1980s, China's Gini coefficient of income was at about 0.3, which is a low level. However, after 1984, the Gini coefficient of income increased, gradually reaching 0.491 in 2008. In recent years, the Gini coefficient has hovered around 0.47. The widening income gap has a negative impact on China's sustainable, balanced, and full development. Inclusive finance breaks through the time-space limitations of traditional financial services, emphasizes the fairness and sharing of the financial service concept, improves the efficiency of financial services, continues to provide financial services in the real economy, and effectively promotes high-quality economic growth and sustainable development. By encouraging the development of inclusive finance, more vulnerable people can access formal financial services, reduce financial exclusion, and enable low-income people to achieve income growth. Together, these help narrow the income gap.This article uses the 2015-2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data to study the impact of inclusive finance on the income gap of Chinese households and the mechanisms involved. The study then considers the role of inclusive finance in achieving common prosperity. Empirical studies show that financial inclusion has significantly reduced the income gap of Chinese households. Every 10% increase in the financial inclusion index reduces the Gini coefficient by 0.023, which is economically significant. The study also concluded that financial inclusion has significantly increased the income levels of families with incomes below the 40% quantile, and relatively poor families. Such inclusion has also increased the probability that families will advance above the 40% income quantile, which promotes common prosperity. An analysis of the mechanism involved shows that inclusive finance has increased the probability of low-income families engaging in entrepreneurship, and has promoted non-agricultural employment for rural families. These outcomes have narrowed the income gap.Further analysis found that inclusive finance has a significant positive impact on the income levels of households in rural areas; agricultural household registration; households with low social, human, and low material capital; and household income for those below the poverty line. This indicates that inclusive finance has a good universal benefit. The research in this article provides new evidence to comprehensively describe the role of inclusive finance; provide a new perspective for understanding income disparity; and reveal policy implications to inform the adoptions of financial measures to promote common prosperity.This paper's results show that inclusive finance is particularly important for narrowing the income gap. The insufficient development of inclusive finance is an important reason for the high income gap. The research conclusions of this paper highlight the following policy implications.First, it is important to strengthen the development of inclusive finance. This includes improving the level of access to formal financial services for economically disadvantaged families in rural areas; for agricultural households; for households with low human, material, and social capital; and for families below the poverty line. This means guiding financial institutions to improve infrastructure construction, reduce the cost of financial services, reduce financial exclusion, meet the growing demand for financial services from all kinds of families, and maximize the inclusive nature of inclusive finance.Second, it is important to promote inclusive finance to support entrepreneurship, and constantly improve the business environment. Actively promoting “mass entrepreneurship and innovation” can help create a better business environment for entrepreneurship. It is important to provide better financial services for vulnerable groups, such as families with low human, social, and material capital to support their entrepreneurship. This should help vulnerable groups increase their income through entrepreneurship, thereby narrowing the income gap and achieving common prosperity for all people.Third, it is important to improve the inclusive financial policy system to promote non-agricultural employment. Inclusive finance can actively support the orderly flow of rural labor force, provide a better policy environment for rural residents to engage in non-agricultural employment, increase the income of low-income people, and maximize the positive effect of inclusive finance on employment. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录 |
| | |
