| 蒲龙,马光荣,黄勃.基础设施、税收竞争与企业税负[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2022,(9):50-69 | | 基础设施、税收竞争与企业税负 | | Infrastructure, Tax Competition and Firm Tax Burden:From the Perspective of Domestic Market Integration | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 税收竞争 实际税负 基础设施 | | 英文关键词: Tax Competition Effective Tax Burden Infrastructure | | 基金项目:本文得到国家自然科学基金面上项目（71973142）、国家社会科学基金重大项目（21&ZD095）和浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题（22NDQN257YB）的资助 | | | 中文摘要: | | 基础设施促进了国内市场一体化，提升了要素的跨地区流动，从而加剧地方政府在吸引要素上的竞争。本文利用2005~2013年中国规模以上工业企业数据，采用双重差分法实证检验了高铁开通对地方政府税收竞争的影响。研究发现，高铁开通加剧了地区间税收竞争，显著降低了辖区内企业的所得税实际税负。对于跨地区流动性较低的企业，高铁开通降低企业税负的幅度相对较小。同时，由于高铁促进了要素向区域中心城市集聚，中心城市参与税收竞争的程度较轻。相比于中心城市，高铁开通更加显著降低了非中心城市的企业税负。在全面评估跨地区基础设施的福利影响时，应充分考虑地方政府的行为反应，促进国内市场大循环，形成全国统一市场。 | | 英文摘要: | | Infrastructure promotes the integration of domestic markets and enhances the cross-regional mobility of factors, thereby intensifying competition among local governments in attracting factors. Using the data of industrial enterprises above designated size in China from 2005 to 2013, this paper uses the double difference method to empirically test the impact of the opening of high-speed rail on local government tax competition. This paper finds that the opening of high-speed rail has intensified tax competition among regions and significantly reduced the actual income tax burden on enterprises within the jurisdiction. Mechanism analysis shows that HSR mainly increases the degree of domestic market integration, making it easier for capital to flow across regions, which in turn affects the tax competition strategy between local governments. For low-end enterprises, the opening of the high-speed rail will reduce the tax burden on enterprises by a relatively small extent. Compared with state-owned enterprises, the actual tax burden on private enterprises and foreig-funded enterprises has dropped more significantly after the high-speed rail is opened in the counties and districts where they are located. In addition, through the data of listed companies remote investment, we also find that the opening of high-speed rail has significantly promoted the remote investment of listed companies, thus proving the inference of the classic tax competition theory that the stronger the capital mobility, the more intense the tax competition will be. On this basis, this paper also conducts a series of robustness tests. The study finds that the benchmark regression conclusion always exists, and the final heterogeneity analysis finds that because high-speed rail promotes the agglomeration of factors to regional central cities, the degree to which central cities participate in tax competition is lighter. Compared with central cities, the opening of high-speed rail has significantly reduced the corporate tax burden in non-central cities. This conclusion partly indicates the inference of the new economic geography theory, that is, the existence of agglomeration economies can reduce the degree of tax competition to a certain extent. The research in this paper suggests that the behavioral responses of local governments should be taken into account when comprehensively assessing the welfare impacts of infrastructure across regions. The construction of cros-regional infrastructure further promotes the circulation of the domestic market and is conducive to the formation of a unified national market. But at the same time, we should also pay attention to further regulating the competition behavior of local governments, reducing the distortion of local fiscal expenditure structure, and avoiding vicious tax competition. | | 查看全文 相关附件： 下载数据代码附录.zip |
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