| 李苏苏,张少华,周鹏.中国企业出口生产率优势的识别与分解研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2020,(2):48-69 | | 中国企业出口生产率优势的识别与分解研究 | | Identification and Decomposition of Chinas Export Firmss Productivity Advantages | | | | DOI： | | 中文关键词: 无条件分布特征-参数对应分析法 学习效应 学习扩张效应 选择效应 | | 英文关键词: Unconditional Distribution Characteristics Parameter Correspondence Analysis Method Learning Effect Learning Expansion Effect Selection Effect | | 基金项目: | | | 中文摘要: | | 研究目标：识别和分解中国出口企业的生产率优势来源。研究方法：运用Combes等(2012)提出的无条件分布特征-参数对应分析方法，识别和分解中国出口企业生产率优势的三种效应。研究发现：（1）总体而言，学习效应是中国出口企业生产率优势的主要来源，导致出口企业整体上要比非出口企业的生产率高411%；选择效应对出口企业生产率有影响但系数较小，使得出口企业整体上比非出口企业的生产率高05%。（2）从贸易方式来看，混合贸易企业的学习效应和选择效应最强，一般贸易企业次之，加工贸易企业最弱；低效率的混合贸易和一般贸易企业，以及高效率加工贸易企业能够通过出口获得快速的效率提升。因此对于低效率出口企业而言，贸易升级至关重要。（3）出口对生产率的影响机制在不同行业、不同贸易对象国、不同规模、不同所有制、不同年龄、不同地区以及进口/出口差异等的企业中都表现出明显的异质性，但这并不改变出口企业存在显著的学习效应和较小的选择效应这一基本结论。（4）中国工业企业并不存在“出口-生产率悖论”，但加工贸易类企业、外资企业以及东部地区企业的学习效应确实相对较低。研究创新：将出口影响生产率的机制分为学习效应、学习扩张效应和选择效应；匹配2000~2013年的中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库，对出口和非出口企业的生产率分布进行系统比较，定量识别和分解了造成出口企业生产率优势的三种效应。研究价值：研究对理解我国出口企业的生产率决定机制、进一步扩大对外开放以及深化企业所有制改革等有着重要启示。 | | 英文摘要: | | Research Objectives: To identify and decompose the sources of productivity advantage of Chinese export enterprises.Research Methods: Using the unconditional distribution feature parameter correspondence analysis method proposed by Combes et al(2012), identify and decompose the three effects of productivity advantage of Chinese export enterprises.Research Finding: (1) On the whole, learning effect is the main source of productivity advantage of Chinese export enterprises, which results in that the productivity of export enterprises is 411% higher than that of non export enterprises as a whole; selection effect has an effect on the productivity of export enterprises, but the coefficient is small, which makes the productivity of export enterprises is 05% higher than that of non export enterprises as a whole(2) From the perspective of trade mode, the learning effect and selection effect of mixed trade enterprises are the strongest, followed by general trade enterprises, and processing trade enterprises; low efficiency mixed trade and general trade enterprises, as well as high efficiency processing trade enterprises can obtain rapid efficiency improvement through exportTherefore, for low efficiency export enterprises, trade upgrading is very important(3) The impact of export on productivity has shown significant heterogeneity in firms of different industries, different trade countries, different sizes, different ownership, different ages, different regions and import / export differences(4) Chinas industrial enterprises do not have the“export productivity paradox”, which does not exist in processing trade enterprises, foreign enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region, but the general learning effect of these enterprises is relatively low.Research Innovation: For the first time, the mechanism of export affecting productivity is divided into learning effect, learning expansion effect and selection effect; matching the database of Chinas industrial enterprises and the database of Chinas customs from 2000 to 2013, the productivity distribution of export and non export enterprises is systematically compared, and the three effects that cause the productivity advantage of export enterprises are identified and decomposed quantitatively.Research Value： This study has important implications for understanding the productivity determining mechanism of Chinas export enterprises, further opening up and deepening the reform of enterprise ownership | | 查看全文 |
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