郑江淮,宋建,赵昆.小企业发展:典型事实与测度分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2019,(4):24-44 | 小企业发展:典型事实与测度分析 | Development of the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(SMEs) | | DOI: | 中文关键词: 小企业发展指数 TFP 随机系数回归 | 英文关键词: SMEs Development Index TFP Random Coefficient Regression | 基金项目:本文获得国家社会科学基金重大项目“新旧动能转换机制设计及路径选择研究”(18ZDA077)项目的资助。 | | 中文摘要: | 研究目标:本文对企业发展指数的测算从全要素生产率视角进行构建,指数权重测度依据计量经济学,形成了随机系数回归方法。研究方法:从理论上将企业TFPR分解为要素投入的经济效益、要素收益率增长效应及要素规模增长效应,同时考察了与TFPR构成项关联的营收能力、技术能力、融资能力、环境适应等运营能力指标,构建了能够全面反映企业发展现状的企业发展指数并以小企业数据进行了验证。研究发现:中小企业的经营能力是企业持续发展的基础,近些年小企业发展能力稳步上升,整体发展势头较好。劳动与资本要素投入的经济效益呈现一种负相关关系。在短期内,受到自身发展规模的影响劳动要素的投入维持相对稳定,而对固定资本投资企业则依据经济形势的变化而调整,资本收益率波动幅度大于劳动工资率波动,企业以“劳动替代资本”方式实现生产率提升。中小企业技术能力提升不明显,且融资能力处于较低水平,这阻碍了企业发展。而中小企业的营收能力处于较高水平,环境适应能力稳步提升,这是中小企业发展良好的动因。研究创新:拓展了指数权重测算方法,同时对小企业发展特征进行了描述。研究价值:有助于深入了解小企业发展情况,在政府针对不同规模企业制定不同政策方面具有启示意义。 | 英文摘要: | Research Objectives:At present, the calculation of enterprise development index is rarely analyzed from the perspective of total factor productivity, while most of the index weight measurement lacks modern econometric methods. Research Methods:We decompose TFPR in theory, including economic efficiency of factor input, factor return effect and factor scale effect. At the same time, we analysis the corporate performance, corporate restructuring and upgrading, financing environment and business environment and other factors, and then construct the enterprise development index which can comprehensively reflect the development of SMEs. In this paper, we use a random coefficient regression method to measure the method, and verify the method with small enterprise data. Research Findings:The operating capacity of SMEs is the basis for the sustainable development of enterprises. In recent years, the development capacity of small enterprises has steadily increased, and the overall development momentum of SMEs is better.The economic benefits of labor and capital factor input show a negative correlation. In the short term, the input of labor factors affected by the scale of its own development remains relatively stable, while the fixed capital investment enterprises are adjusted according to changes in the economic situation. The volatility of the rate of return on capital is greater than the volatility of the labor rate, and enterprises use labor to replace capital to achieve productivity.The improvement of technical capabilities of SMEs is not obvious, and the financing capacity is at a low level, which hinders the development of enterprises. The income capacity of SMEs is at a relatively high level, and the environmental adaptability is steadily increasing. This is a good cause for the development of SMEs. Research Innovations:This paper expands the index weight calculation method, and describes the development characteristics of small enterprises. Research Value:It helps to better understand the development of small enterprises, and the government is of great significance in formulating different policies for enterprises of different sizes. | 查看全文 |
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